<p>The McCrory Waterworks is a historic site located in McCrory, Arkansas. It contains an elevated steel water tower, built in 1936 by the Chicago Bridge & Iron Company in conjunction with the Public Works Administration, which provided $39,497 in aid for the construction of the waterworks, which included the water tower, tank, and water shed. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007, as part of a multiple-property listing that included numerous other New Deal-era projects throughout Arkansas.</p><br>
<p>Byrd Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at Goochland in western Goochland County, Virginia on Dogtown Road. The original building dates from 1838 and is still in active use today. It is a two-story, rectangular brick structure with a slate gable roof. The interior of the church measures 28 feet by 40 feet. Also on the property is a contributing church cemetery with graves dating</p><br>
<p>back to at least the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>The original congregation began in 1748, and erected a dedicated building on Byrd Creek in 1759. Notable theologian Samuel Davies was one of the founding members.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The De Valls Bluff Waterworks is a historic public water supply facility at Rumbaugh and Hazel Streets in De Valls Bluff, Arkansas. It contains a 1930s-era elevated steel water tower, built in 1936 by the Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Company in conjunction with the Public Works Administration as part of a project to improve the local water supply. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007, as part of a multiple-property listing that included numerous other New Deal-era projects throughout Arkansas. The property also contains several non-contributing buildings, including a shed, aeration chamber, and water tank.</p><br>
<p>The Banker&#39;s House is a historic home located at 319 N. Lafayette St. in Shelby, Cleveland County, North Carolina. It was designed by architect G.S.H. Appleget, and was built in 1874–1875. It is a -story, T-shaped, stuccoed brick house in the Second Empire style. It features a -story tower, with mansard roofs on the tower and main block. Also on the property is a contributing wellhouse and a one-story brick outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The historic Cabarrus County Courthouse in Concord, North Carolina was completed in 1876, replacing one that was destroyed by fire just the previous year. It was designed by architect G.S.H. Appleget. It includes Second Empire, Italianate, Classical Revival, and other architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 1975, a new courthouse was built; the historic courthouse is now the home of the Cabarrus County Veterans Museum and the Cabarrus Arts Council. It is located in the South Union Street Courthouse and Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Cabarrus County has constructed four courthouses since the creation of the county in 1792. The records show that the first court held for the county of Cabarrus was at the house of Robert Russell located on the Salisbury Road on the third Monday of January, 1793. In 1795 commissioners were named to build the first courthouse; it was very small, only thirty feet square, poorly lit and ventilated and inadequately heated. It was built at the center of the square which was the intersection of Union and Corban Streets; this structure was used for thirty years until a new courthouse was constructed in 1826.</p><br>
<h2>Civil War monument</h2><br>
<p>A Confederate soldiers monument was dedicated May 5, 1892, by the Ladies&#39; Memorial Association of Concord. Constructed of marble the eight sections weigh twenty-five thousand pounds with a sphere on top. The monument was placed in front of the courthouse where it remains and each year the Confederate Memorial Day is observed with a history of adorning the 16 foot monument with flowers and flags.</p><br>
<p>The Monroe Water Tower is a historic water tower built in 1889 in Monroe, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The first settlers came to Monroe in the 1830s. The community grew, adding a sawmill and other small industries. The railroad came in 1858, and Monroe incorporated as a village the same year. In 1870 a fire department was organized - a major public service - but its source of water wasn&#39;t much better than a bucket brigade. In 1888 the Monroe Electric Light Company began providing electricity to homes and street lights. In the same year, the Wisconsin Telephone Company began offering limited telephone service.</p><br>
<p>In May 1889, W.H. Wheeler of Beloit offered to drill a well and build a "water works" for Monroe. The city council approved the project, agreeing to fund it if Wheeler would operate the system. Work commenced, but after some snags, Wheeler took on the citys responsibilities in exchange for a 20-year franchise to operate the water system. The project accelerated and by the end of 1889, the well was drilled, the water tower was up, and water lines were laid. A successful test was conducted on New Years Day of 1890.</p><br>
<p>The tower was built much as it appears today. From a limestone foundation, cream brick walls rise 80 feet, forming a cylinder 28 feet across. On top of the brick walls sits a steel tank which holds 100,000 gallons of water; originally it was a wooden tank of the same capacity. The current tank is capped with a steel cone. The walls are interrupted by four porthole openings halfway up and four more just below the top of the brick. A doorway at the bottom leads inside, where a wooden staircase climbs around an inner cylinder of brick, which sheaths the pipe rising from the well and provides additional support for the tank above. Another doorway at the top of the tower opens to a metal staircase outside of the tower which leads to a catwalk around the metal tank.</p><br>
<p>Though a water tower now seems the obvious solution for a small town, different ideas were competing in 1889, and Wheeler had to defend his design. He said the elevated tank was better than pumps alone because it would reliably provide high pressure if needed to extinguish a fire. The elevated tank was better than a standpipe because Monroe didn&#39;t have a high hill to place it on, and if a standpipe was drawn down, water pressure would drop. The wooden tank, he said, would be more reliable than metal, and would better protect the water from freezing. (Costs may have played a role in his preferences too.)</p><br>
<p>The community seemed happy with the system. The Monroe Sentinel pointed out the "efficient fire protection," which would reduce insurance rates and raise property values. In homes, people had convenient water, and clean.</p><br>
<p>Wheeler initially operated the water works, but by 1898 he asked the city to take it over. In 1906 the city did buy it, for $85,000. In 1914 the wooden tank needed replacement, and the city replaced it with the current steel tank built by the Des Moines Bridge and Iron Company. That tank served the community until 1993. Then the city considered demolishing the tower, but the Monroe Historical Society worked for its preservation. The tower is considered eligible for the NRHP for two criteria: it is a good example of small-town water tower construction in the late 19th century, and it symbolizes a turning point when Monroe&#39;s government began providing major public services.</p><br>
<p>The Evansville Standpipe is a historic water tower located in Evansville, Wisconsin. The 80-ft tall steel tower was built in 1901 by the Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, as part of the development of the local water supply system, spurred on by a devastating fire in 1896 that destroyed a large section of downtown Evansville. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>From the time of Evansvilles settlement in 1839, water was drawn from hand-dug wells. As the row of wooden stores grew along Main Street, people became concerned about the risk of fire, but there was also a concern about cost and having government provide fire protection services. In 1872 the businessmen built two cisterns at Main and Madison for firefighting. After the Spencer House stable burned in 1877, the village board bought a $250 fire engine and formed a fire company, but a fire in 1878 proved that this engine was too small, and men instead saved the burning building with a bucket brigade. Fires in 1880 and 1882 didnt rouse the village to action, but when a fire in 1884 destroyed the Baker Manufacturing Company&#39;s factory and the Lehman Bros. furniture factory, the village agreed to invest $1500 in a fire engine which would draw water from the creek and cisterns. In 1892 the voters rejected a waterworks systems which would have aided fire protection and provided safe drinking water. In 1896 "The Great Fire" of Evansville wiped out a whole block of the business district. After that, the city council finally required that new buildings in the business district must be fireproof masonry.</p><br>
<p>In 1901 the city pursued construction of a waterworks system, primarily aiming for fire protection. The neglected mill pond could no longer supply enough water for firefighting, and the fire chief estimated that modern pumps would empty the city&#39;s cisterns in 30 minutes. A group of outside businessmen offered to build a for-profit waterworks and the city voters approved the plan two to one. The businessmen were W.H. Wheeler, J.P. Miller and John H. Brown. The city would pay $44.25 per year for each hydrant. Homeowners could receive water for $5 per faucet per year and $3 per bathtub per year. Work began promptly and the system was tested in January 1902. Ruth Montgomery writes:</p><br>
<p>The testing of the new facility attracted a large audience. Firemen hooked up hoses to the hydrants and found them all to be in working order. From the hydrant at the South Madison and Church Street corner, the pressure of the water through the fire hoses sent out a stream that went as high as the Methodist Church steeple. Everyone seemed satisfied with the new system. For the next several months, private homes and businesses installed pipes to hook up to the water works. In March 1902, the voters agreed to buy the water works and electric plant for $51,000.</p><br>
<p>The standpipe (pictured) is a cylinder 80 feet high and 12 feet in diameter, built of curved steel plates from the Chicago Bridge & Iron Company on a poured concrete foundation. It was filled with water from top to bottom, and a standpipe (as opposed to a water tower) worked in Evansville because the hill on which it stood gave it enough pressure to deliver water anywhere in town. A straight steel ladder ascends the west side of the tower. Standpipes were replaced by water towers because they were generally cheaper, and few standpipes were built after 1910.</p><br>
<p>To feed the standpipe, the Brown Company drilled two wells and installed two engines powered by two 120 horsepower boilers. The pumps could move 50,000 gallons of water per day. To distribute the water around town, Brown laid 18,131 feet of 4-inch pipe leading to 50 hydrants. In April 1903 fire started in a restaurant in town. The town&#39;s firemen extinguished the fire in about five minutes, directing six streams of water from hydrants of the new system. The fire chief believed that without the new water works system, four businesses would have burned - all wood buildings.</p><br>
<p>The 1901 standpipe is no longer in use, replaced by a more modern water system, but it still stands, and is believed to be the only surviving standpipe of this type in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Miller–Brewer House was a historic Greek Revival-style home located near Rochester, Washington, United States. It was built in 1860 and prior to 2017, was one of Washington state&#39;s few surviving box frame style houses from the territorial era. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It was destroyed by fire on Aug. 22, 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Historic importance</h2><br>
<p>The Miller–Brewer House, on the National Register of Historic Places, was built in or around 1860 in the area of Rochester, Washington State. The house was historically significant for its box frame (vertical plank) construction, a construction method in use only during the very early settlement period, from 1855 to about 1875. It was one of Washington&#39;s very few remaining examples of this construction method, and one of the most intact and best-constructed examples up until its destruction. It was also noteworthy for still being on its original site. Many similarly historic houses have been relocated from their original sites.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The house was a combination of local Indian and Anglo-American construction techniques. Construction elements discussed are all of primary historical significance. Split cedar (Thuja plicata, Western red-cedar) logs on fieldstone and undressed Tenino quarry stone supported hewn-log cedar girders and split-log cedar floor joists. The girders were 11"x11" hand-hewn, with adze marks on all sides. The tops were notched for the floor joists. The floor joist logs were charred prior to splitting, a local Indian wood-preserving construction technique. Second-story floor joists were rough-sawn 2"x8" cedar. The frame was made from milled cedar lumber using square nails. The walls were formed from vertical rough-sawn 1"x12" cedar planks planed smooth on the edges to allow a tight seam. Two layers allowed the seams between planks in one layer to be covered by the planks in the other layer. Two-ply walls also allowed sufficient structural strength for two stories and gave much better weather insulation than one-ply box frame construction. Upper and lower girders held the vertical planks in position. Exterior siding was high quality, quarter-sawn, 1/2"x6" horizontal cedar lap siding with tight-edge grain and a 5 3/4" exposure attached with square iron nails. Rough-sawn corner boards were used on all building corners.</p><br>
<p>Windows were all of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Larger windows were double-pane, but the box frame construction did not allow for wall pockets for sash weights. Windows had to be propped open with a stick. Upper story windows were fixed sash. Interior and exterior window surrounds were all rough-sawn cedar. Window sills were cedar. Attic rafters were rough-sawn 2"x6" cedar. Roof shakes were 3 ft-long straight-split cedar. Remnant shakes remained in the attic space, but the roof was replaced with metal in 1993 by Stan Craig Enterprises. Interior and exterior door surrounds were all 1"x5" rough-sawn cedar. Hinges and most interior locksets were original.</p><br>
<p>Interior walls were covered with felt slip sheets and wallpaper. Floorboards were circular-sawn tongue-and-groove, attached directly to the floor joists. The stairway consisted of wedge-shaped cedar treads with closed risers in a tight 180-degree turn with no handrails. The back-to-back fireplaces were made of Tenino sandstone mantels with fire brick fireboxes and wood surrounds.</p><br>
<p>While the house had front and back porches originally, the current porches were not the original ones.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land that the house sat on was first claimed by DF Byles under the Donation Land Claim Act. The builders of the house, George and Marita Miller, purchased the land in the late 1850s, as well as filing their own claim under the Donation Land Claim Act. They probably lived in a log cabin while proving-up the land claim and building the house. It is likely they also hired local Indians as construction workers for the house. The Millers grazed cattle and sheep, tended an orchard and a vegetable garden, and raised various crops. George Miller served as a county commissioner and in the territorial legislature while living in the house.</p><br>
<p>Reece Brewer crossed the Oregon Trail in 1853 as a teenager with his widowed mother and various older siblings and their spouses, settling first near present-day Junction City, Oregon. Reece and his first wife Eliza Johnston, along with two of Reece&#39;s older brothers and their families, moved north to the Grand Mound, Washington area in 1860. Eliza (Johnston) died in 1870 and is buried in the nearby Grand Mound Cemetery. The Millers moved to Centralia, Washington in 1873 and sold the house and land to Reece Brewer, a family friend of the Millers from Oregon, and now a widower with four children (James, John, Martha and Ella). Reece ran cattle and kept an apiary on the land. In 1875, he remarried, to Flora French, who had two children, Effie and Fred, before dying in 1878.</p><br>
<p>Reece Brewer, like his friend George Miller, served as a county commissioner (three terms) and in the territorial legislature. Reece was chairman of the county commission when the Thurston County Courthouse was built in 1891. Reece and his daughter Ella, from his first marriage, ran the local post office out of the house from 1884 to 1888. Reece remarried a third time in 1890, to a second Eliza (James Stocking), a widow with grown children. At this time the residents of the house consisted of Reece, Eliza the third wife, and Flora&#39;s children Effie and Fred.</p><br>
<p>Effie, the second youngest Brewer child, married Frank "Tib" Mills in 1897 and moved to Grand Mound. The youngest Brewer child, Fred, married Gertrude Morris in 1900. Reece split the house into a duplex and the newlyweds Fred and Gertrude moved into the house. The kitchen/dining room was shared. Separate staircases led to the second story. The east apartment contained two large rooms downstairs, while the west apartment contained one room downstairs. Each side had its own fireplace, built back-to-back with a shared chimney.</p><br>
<p>Fred and Gertrude moved to Grand Mound in 1903. In 1906, Eliza the third wife died, and Effie and Tib moved into the house with Reece. Effie and Tib took over the farm duties, cared for Reece until his death in 1909, and took in the children of Ella, Effies older half sister, on Ellas death. A cold room was built in the 1910-20s, attached to the northeast corner of the house. Some time in the 1930-50s, the family built a barn and milk shed for dairy cows. These additions are not considered historic.</p><br>
<p>Tib Mills died some time in the 1930s, and Fred Brewer moved back into the house, bringing a flock of sheep with him.</p><br>
<p>Freds wife, Gertrude, had died in childbirth in her twenties. Their two children, Wilbert and Flora, were also cared for in this house by Freds sister, Effie Mills. Wilbert and Flora both later married and remained in the area for the rest of their lives. Wilbert and his wife, Agnes James Brewer, visited Fred and Effie often through the years, as did their daughter and grandchildren.</p><br>
<p>Effie died in 1963, and Fred arranged to sell the house and surrounding acreage of Garry oak woodland and glacial outwash prairie to the Washington State Game Department (now the Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife). Fred died in 1964.</p><br>
<p>In 1965, the Game Department converted the house to office space. One of the two staircases from the duplex conversion was filled in, and the 19th century wallpaper was covered with sheetrock. Under the sheetrock, the wallpaper had been well preserved and was considered of primary historical importance due to the rarity of intact wallpaper from this period. The cedar shake roof was replaced with metal to preserve the interior from rain damage.</p><br>
<p>The Miller–Brewer House was destroyed in a 485-acre wildfire on August 22, 2017.</p><br>
<p>Tonque  is a large abandoned Pre-Columbian pueblo in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States, about 7 miles / 12 km southeast of San Felipe Pueblo. It was a site of significant ceramic industry, and may have provided up to one-third of the glaze decorated pottery used in contemporary pueblos in the middle Rio Grande valley.</p><br>
<h2>Pueblo complex</h2><br>
<p>Tonque pueblo (LA240), now a severely eroded ruin, was constructed of adobe and may never have exceeded a single storey. It comprised between 1500 and 2000 rooms arranged in an E, with four parallel arms running approximately east–west, of about 120 to 280 metres length and of 4 to 10 rooms width, and with a continuous block of rooms running north–south, now mostly destroyed, along the west side.</p><br>
<p>The pueblo is sited on the north edge of Tonque arroyo, a normally dry tributary to the Rio Grande, while a spring occurs on the south side. There is evidence that the arroyo floor downstream (west) of the pueblo was cultivated, probably with maize and beans, which may have been largely dependent on seasonal flooding.</p><br>
<p>Numerous petroglyphs can be found in the vicinity of Tonque.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological evidence suggests that the site was first occupied from the early 14th century, and was active until the middle of the 16th century. Tonque is not mentioned in Spanish records by that name, but may be one of two unnamed pueblos visited by Gaspar Castano de Sosa in 1591. Oñate also did not list it in 1598, but it may have been El Tuerte in his record. Alphonse Bandelier stated in 1892 that it was a Tano village known as Tunque, El-Tunque, Tungee or Tun-ge. The word ‘’tung’’, however is Tewan for basket or tray, which implies that it was known as the Pueblo of Basket Makers.</p><br>
<p>The reasons for abandonment are uncertain. Dendrochronology (Tree-ring dating) at sites in the region indicates that a severe drought occurred in the late 16th century. Various other Pueblo legends relate to general unrest at that time. De Sosa’s journal entry recounts that the two pueblos he visited had been abandoned “only days before,” with evidence of many deaths, and that natives in his party told him that the abandonment was the result of war with other tribes. Evidence from excavation at Tonque suggests that it was already in decline by that time.</p><br>
<h2>Ceramics industry</h2><br>
<p>The arroyo banks provide clay of very high quality, and mica-like materials for tempering are also found nearby. Lead ore and associated minerals for glaze paint can be found in the nearby Ortiz Mountains. The fired clay of Tonque is of cream to light orange color with a crystal tuff tempering.</p><br>
<p>Tonque became a major producer of glaze-on-yellow pottery, of excellent craftsmanship, color and design, between AD 1350 and 1450. Dating is based on variations in the glaze and pattern, referred to by archaeologists as Glaze Periods A through C for wares at Tonque. The presence of Glaze Period F sherds suggests a possible reoccupation in the late seventeenth century, but no artefacts have been found datable to the period between the late 16th and middle 17th.</p><br>
<p>Collections of Tonque pottery owned by the Albuquerque Archaeological Society are housed at the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico.</p><br>
<h2>20th century</h2><br>
<p>During development of coal mining at Hagan about 4.5 miles / 7.5 km southeast of the pueblo, a brick factory, Tonque Brick and Tile Company, was constructed in 1912 at the south-western corner of the ruins, making use of the clay deposits. An archaeological dig was conducted in 1914 by Nels C. Nelson, who dug 266 rooms on the western side, much of which was later obliterated by the quarrying of brickmaking clay. In 1933 The Archaeological Society of Albuquerque High School dug the only known kiva. Amateur archaeologists reported digging 144 rooms in 1969.</p><br>
<p>A railroad was constructed in 1924 to serve Hagan and passed just north of the ruins, serving also the brick factory. When the mines played out, the railroad ceased operations in 1933 and was removed. Unpaved Indian Service Road 844/Madera Road now follows the old trackbed. The brick factory closed in 1942, and little more than the foundations now remain.</p><br>
<p>The ruins are on land owned by San Felipe Pueblo, and are considered a sacred site. Tonque Pueblo is not open to the public, except by occasional organized tours.</p><br>
<p>The Old Meigs County Courthouse is a historic former government building in the small community of Chester, Ohio, United States. Erected in the early nineteenth century, the courthouse served multiple purposes for the surrounding community in its early years, but it operated as a courthouse for less than twenty years before being abandoned in favor of another courthouse in another community. Following a restoration in the 1950s, it was designated a historic site in the 1970s along with an adjacent school; the two buildings are operated together as a museum. It is Ohio&#39;s oldest extant building constructed as a courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>Community history</h2><br>
<p>In 1819, the Ohio General Assembly created Meigs County from part of Gallia County. The courts initially met in a building in Salisbury Township, but after fire destroyed their first meeting place in 1821, the county commissioners readily accepted a Chester Township resident&#39;s offer to meet in his house. Before long, the homeowner decided to plat a town, which was to be named "Chester&quot and a courthouse and jail were built. Throughout the rest of the 1820s, Chester flourished; both professionals and farmers settled there, and the Shade River was busy with cargo travelling between Chester and New Orleans. and Chester languished.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Meeting at the home of the hospitable Chester Township resident in late September 1822, the county commissioners voted to build a log jail and jailer&#39;s house and to begin planning for a permanent courthouse. Two weeks later, they voted in favor of constructing a two-story brick building measuring 36 x and 16 ft tall with seven windows. Late in the month, they ordered that the height be increased to 18 ft, and yet another meeting resulted in a decision to place a cupola on top of the courthouse. By December of the following year, the building was complete; fourteen men were paid a total of $1,255.20 for construction.</p><br>
<p>The completed courthouse is a brick building in the Federal style with a stone foundation; by the 1970s, its original roof had been replaced with metal. Its bricks were manufactured locally in the then-typical size of 4 x.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>Chesters first school was established in 1830, largely under the influence of a Scottish scholar, Samuel Halliday, who settled in Chester Township and embarked on teaching the local children. The present three-story building was erected in 1839 with the goal of serving students from all over Meigs County. In its early years, the brick school building was used for all sorts of community events: the township trustees rented it as a voting place, social groups such as debate societies and singing schools held their meetings in it, and the complete absence of church buildings in the township prompted all of the townships churches to worship in it. The building remained in use for scholastic purposes until the Civil War, after which the school closed and its building was converted into storage for the adjacent courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse in Chester remained in use as the county courthouse until Pomeroy was made the county seat; it later was converted into a meeting place for a local Grange hall. By 1951, it sat empty and unused, but two years later the Meigs County Pioneer and Historical Society undertook a project to restore the building. In 1975, the courthouse and school were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of their architecture and the place that they had played in Ohios history. The two buildings are presently operated as a museum by the Chester-Shade Historical Association. The courthouse is Ohios oldest extant building that was constructed as a courthouse, and one of two surviving first-generation Federal courthouses in the state, along with the Old Perry County Courthouse in Somerset.</p><br>
<p>The Cigar Factory is a building on the National Historical Register. Located at 701 East Bay Street, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, it was constructed in 1881 and opened in 1882 as the Cotton Mill of Charleston. In 1912, it was purchased by the American Cigar Company who converted it into a cigar factory that was the largest private employer in Charleston during the 1930s. In the 1940s, it was the location of the 1945–1946 Charleston Cigar Factory strike where the civil rights anthem "We Shall Overcome" emerged.</p><br>
<p>A $30 million redevelopment of the structure began in 2014. By 2017, the factory was mostly leased. Current businesses in the building include restaurants, salons, an event venue, and an ophthalmologist&#39;s office.</p><br>
<p>The Julius I. Foust Building on the campus of The University of North Carolina at Greensboro in Greensboro, North Carolina was built in 1891. Greensboro architects Orlo Epps and partner C. M. Hackett designed the building and contractor Thomas Woodroffe built it.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the structure was known as the Main Building. It served as the sole administrative and classroom building for the school until 1908 when the McIver Building was constructed. At that time in 1908, the buildings name was changed to the Administration Building. And in 1960, it was renamed in memory of the schools second president, Julius Isaac Foust.</p><br>
<p>The Foust Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is the only surviving nineteenth-century structure on the campus.</p><br>
<p>The Old Perry County Courthouse is a historic government building in the village of Somerset, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1820s as a courthouse, it is one of Ohios oldest existing buildings constructed for that purpose, and it has seen the controversy of a county seat war. For much of its history, it has served as Somersets village hall, and it is located within a federally designated historic district.</p><br>
<h2>Historic context</h2><br>
<p>The village of Somerset was established in 1810 by settlers from Somerset, Pennsylvania at the spot on Zanes Trace located midway between Lancaster and Zanesville. Seven years later, parts of Fairfield, Muskingum, and Washington counties were merged to create Perry County, and the house of a Somerset resident was named the first temporary courthouse. In 1819, the county government arranged for the erection of a building in Somerset; while most of the building was used for a jail, it also included a courtroom and space for some county offices. Ten years later, the present building was constructed on the villages public square; officials quickly found it to be insufficiently large for their needs, so until a new jail was built adjacent to the courthouse in 1848, some offices remained in the jail.</p><br>
<p>As the village of New Lexington grew in importance, its residents began to agitate for the county seat to be moved to their community. From 1851 to 1859, the state legislature passed three separate laws to permit the county seat to be moved; contentious elections and a decision by the Supreme Court of Ohio saw the county seat move to New Lexington, back to Somerset, and finally back to New Lexington. After it ceased to be used as a courthouse, the building was leased to Somerset for use as its village hall. It has outlasted its successor; the original courthouse in New Lexington became too small for the county&#39;s needs by the late 1880s and was replaced by the current courthouse in 1888.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Old Perry County Courthouse is a two-story brick building with a stone foundation constructed at a total cost of $6,600. It originally measured 45 x, although the construction of the jail led to its modification. A cupola sits atop the building, which measures five bays wide on the front. None of the names of its architects and builders are known. Although the original central doorway survived into the 1950s, the other two doors in the facade were replaced by that time; they had been repurposed to permit direct access to the second floor, which had been converted into spaces for an American Legion post, a library, and a barbershop. No dormer windows pierce the hip roof, which was likely covered with slates when built. Wooden trim decorates the cornice and the eaves. Inside, nothing survives of the original floor plan. The building sits on the northwestern corner of the junction of Main and Columbus Streets, facing southeast into the public square.</p><br>
<h3>Inscription</h3><br>
<p>One of the most distinctive elements of the courthouse is an inscription carven into the stone lintel over the main entrance: "Let Justice be done. If the Heavens should fall". This unusual text has received widespread attention and provoked speculation regarding both its meaning and its origin. Legend suggests that the phrase was originally intended to read "Let Justice be done though the Heavens fall" but was changed by the stonemason, who ran out of room for the longer word. which he portrays as a former Somerset resident&#39;s primary memory of the building. Another author, writing in 1901, pronounced the phrase "wonderful" but remarked on its unusual wording:</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, a biography of Somerset native General Philip Sheridan, deeming the inscription a grammatical error, repeats a legend that blames a foreigner for the mistake — when the village council met to determine what motto should be carven into the stone, they failed to agree on a text, so they turned to a highly educated German who was resident in the village. This German, who believed himself to have been wronged in a recent lawsuit, suggested the phrase and insisted that the county judge (who had presided over the recent lawsuit) must take credit for it. As a result, when the error was observed a year later, the judge came under such heavy criticism that he was forced to move out of state. Elsewhere, the phrase has been viewed more kindly: as a "quaint, old Irish bull", or as simply as the creation of a well-meaning pioneer who was possessed of bad rhetoric.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>As a typical representative of Ohio&#39;s early courthouses, and as the oldest building in the former Northwest Territory in continuous governmental use, the building has benefited from a state-funded restoration project. In 1975, much of Somerset was designated a historic district, the Somerset Historic District, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places; the courthouse was one of the most important contributing properties in the district. It is one of just two surviving first-generation Federal courthouses in the state, along with the Old Meigs County Courthouse in Chester.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah Smith Tennent House is a historic house in Charleston, South Carolina. The house was built by Josiah Smith Tennent in 1859 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>In 1993, the city gave the property known as the Josiah Smith Tennent House to nonprofit Elpis Inc. At the time, the house was little more than a shell, and the nonprofit intended to restore the building as a community center. A restoration followed, aided by the community development grants from the city, private donations estimated in the millions, and a $1.73 million mortgage that Elpis took out on the building in 2003. The restoration received a South Carolina Historic Preservation Award in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Elpis outfitted part of the building as a dental clinic, helped established a day care center there, and housed other nonprofit groups in the building. In March 2008, it was announced that Charleston would spend $1.4 million to buy the house when a nonprofit that received more than $1 million in municipal grants toward renovating the building as a community center defaulted on its mortgage.</p><br>
<p>The small front yard of the building became the Philip Simmons Children&#39;s Garden, honoring the master blacksmith.</p><br>
<p>The Old Newberry County Courthouse at 1207 Caldwell St. in Newberry, South Carolina was built in 1852. The courthouse was designed by Jacob Graves and constructed by James Darmon, and later remodeled in 1880 by builder Osborne Wells. It was constructed as part of a series of five county courthouses, in use from its construction until 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was originally built in 1852 by James Darmon, based on a design by Jacob Graves, an architect who previously resided in Columbia, South Carolina. Very little is known of Graves&#39; background or education, though he is a native of New Hampshire. The courthouse was constructed as the fourth in a series of five courthouses used in Newberry County, with it seeing use between its construction in 1852 and 1906, two years before the current county courthouse was constructed.</p><br>
<p>Graves&#39; design for the courthouse is an outstanding example of Greek Revival architecture, utilizing many techniques of this style on the exterior of the building commonly seen within Greek Revival, such as stucco brick, fluted Tuscan columns, and a massive triangular pediment. Additionally, much of the design of the entablature is heavily based on designs of the Doric order. In 1880 during Reconstruction, Newberry builder Osborne Wells was given the task of remodeling the courthouse. His additions to the exterior include adding two-columned porticos along the side entrances, and a bas-relief mounted on the frontal pediment.</p><br>
<p>The Cleveland School, also known as Cleveland Middle School, is a historic school complex located near Clayton, Johnston County, North Carolina. It was designed by architect Charles C. Hook and built in 1926–1927, with flanking wings added in 1932 and 1938. It is a two-story, five-bay, U-shaped, Classical Revival-style brick building on a raised basement. It features a projecting center bay with recessed main</p><br>
<p>entrance and end bays with blind windows. Also on the property are the contributing well house (c. 1927), bathroom (c. 1927), and gymnasium (1955).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Cafeteria Building of the Cleveland School is a historic school building in rural Conway County, Arkansas. It is located near the hamlet of Cleveland, on the south side of Center School Road . It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable-on-hip roof, weatherboard siding, and a foundation of stone piers. It has vernacular Craftsman styling, with exposed rafter ends in the eaves, large Craftsman brackets in the gables, and bracketed hoods sheltering the entrances. It was built about 1930, and initially served as a cafeteria for an adjacent elementary school; it was later converted to classroom use.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Wheelen House, also known as Fellowship Farm, is a historic home located in Upper Uwchlan Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was built about 1750, and is a -story, random and coursed fieldstone structure in the Georgian style. It has a gable roof, end chimneys, and a -story kitchen wing. The house was restored in the late 1940s to early 1950s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The James Sparrow House is a Charleston single house in the late Federal style. It is named for a Charleston butcher who acquired the property at 65 Cannon St. in 1797. Several other butchers owned and lived in the house by 1825 when Christian David Happoldt bought the house.  It remained in his family until 1907.  It is a two and one-half story stuccoed brick house, raised on a basement of the same material. The masonry has an embellished by a dog-tooth cornice, with full return, repeated in the rake of the gable end. Quoins of stuccoed brick articulate the corners and a stringcourse of the same material delineates the floor levels. Two interior chimneys, with Gothic arched hoods, on the east side of the house were reconstructed after the earthquake of 1886. The house was listed in the National Register January 30, 1998.</p><br>
<p>By 1995, the house was in terrible condition. Many of its interior details had been lost, and the exterior had suffered the loss of its piazzas. Robert and Nancy Mikell purchased the house and undertook a restoration. An addition to the rear was designed by Charleston architect Randolph Martz.</p><br>
<p>The William H. Grant House is a historic house in Middleport, Ohio, United States. One of the area&#39;s earliest concrete houses, it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1852, the house is constructed of concrete on a foundation of sandstone. Two stories tall, the house is rectangular with a small frame addition to the rear, which was built about ten years after the original part of the house. Born in 1820, William H. Grant pioneered concrete architecture in Meigs County: a small experimental house (no longer in existence) was the first concrete building in the county, and the present house, near the experimental building, was the second.</p><br>
<p>Besides serving as a residence, the house is a local religious landmark. Before dying in 1845, Johnny Appleseed visited Middleport and converted the Grants to Swedenborgianism. Several other Middleport residents also joined the new religion, and after building the present house, the Grants used it as a meeting place for their coreligionists. In recognition of its place in local history and its distinctive method of construction, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is one of three places in Middleport on the National Register, along with the John Downing Jr. House and the Middleport Public Library.</p><br>
<p>The Greensboro History Museum, consisting of the former First Presbyterian Church of Greensboro and Smith Memorial Building, is a historic museum building located at 130 Summit Ave. in Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. The former Presbyterian church was built in 1892 on the site of a former Confederate hospital, and is a Romanesque Revival-style brick building with a cross gable roof and tower. The semi-circular, 11 bay, Smith Memorial Building was built in 1903. It features four octagonal sides and a tower. The memorial building was designed by the architect Charles Christian Hook . The church and memorial building were connected and the older structures modified and renovated in 1938. Also located on the property is the First Presbyterian Church cemetery, established in 1831, after the first church was built on land that was donated by Jesse H. Lindsay. The church vacated the property in 1929, and in 1937-1938 it was renovated and enlarged as the Richardson Civic Center and donated to the city of Greensboro. It subsequently housed the Greensboro Public Library, the Greensboro Historical Museum, and the Greensboro Art Center. The historic building functions as one part of the current, larger Greenboro History Museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Attorney and justice Robert P. Dick (1823-1898)</p><br>
<p>Representative and Confederate senator John Adams Gilmer (1805-1868)</p><br>
<p>North Carolina Governor John Motley Morehead (1796-1866)</p><br>
<p>The Bright Leaf Historic District is a national historic district located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. It encompasses 22 contributing buildings and seven contributing structures in an industrial section of Durham. The majority of the buildings were built from the 1870s to the World War II period, and are massive two- to four-story structures, usually rectangular in form with flat or very shallow gable roofs and of fireproof construction with brick exteriors. Notable buildings include the B. L. Duke Warehouse , the Italianate style W. Duke Sons and Company Cigarette Factory , the Watts and Yuille Warehouses, Liggett and Myers Office Building, Chesterfield Building, Flowers Building , Imperial Tobacco Company Factory , White Warehouse , and five Romanesque Revival style buildings built by The American Tobacco Company trust—Walker Warehouse , Cobb Building , O&#39;Brien Building , Hicks Warehouse  and Toms Warehouse .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The John Knauer House and Mill, also known as the Knauer Mill, is an historic American grist mill complex that is located in Warwick Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The site is situated in the Hopewell Big Woods.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The complex was built roughly between 1785 and 1790, and includes the stone mill, -story stone millers house, a stone and frame barn, and a small stone house. The millers house is five bays by two bays, and was designed in the Georgian style. The mill remained in operation into the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Winings House and Clover Mill is an historic American clover mill and home that are located in Warwick Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by 1796, and is a -story, random, fieldstone structure, six bays wide by two bays deep. It has a gable roof and a porch added in the late nineteenth century. The mill is a small, -story, banked stone structure with a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Stiles-Hinson House is two houses built back-to-back on James Island, South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The first house is a simple, rural building constructed in 1742 by the James Island pioneer planter Benjamin Stiles. The significant agricultural science contributor William Godber Hinson constructed the 1891 portion of the building and he continued to maintain the running of the plantation until early in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The conjoined arrangement of two styles is unique. Both houses exteriors are characteristic of the periods of history of which they belong. The houses Stiles part has been cited as an example of the residence of a planter from the mid-18th century. The larger part of the house, facing the river and built by Hinson, is Victorian.</p><br>
<p>On October 9, 1974, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Murray Springs is located in southern Arizona near the San Pedro River and once served as a Clovis hunting camp approximately 11,000 years BP. The site is unique for the massive quantity of large megafauna processing and extensive tool making. Archaeologists identified five buried animal kills and processing locations and a Clovis camp location. The site is located in the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, administered by the Bureau of Land Management.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>In 1966, archaeologists C. Vance Haynes and Peter Mehringer of the University of Arizona discovered the site while extending the mapping of the area of the Lehner Mammoth Kill Site 19 kilometers to the south. The archaeologists located two concentrations of mammoth bones that day. They were convinced the area was a Clovis site based on the bones and because Murray Springs shared the same geologic characteristics as the Lehner site. Funding by the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society enabled excavations from 1967 to 1971.</p><br>
<p>Some of the significant artifacts found during the excavations included hearths, a bone tool, projectile points, lithic tools, and debitage. The bone tool is believed to be a shaft straightener. The five buried animal kills and processing locations contained bones of mammoth, bison, horses, camels, canids and rodents. A worker found a single pot sherd on the surface of the site that was associated to use approximately 1300 to 1450 CE. The archaeologists noted peoples have used the spring over an extended period. An analysis of the site is interpreted as leaning against the extraterrestrial impact theory of the Pleistocene Extinction.</p><br>
<p>The San Pedro River Valley is rich in discovered Clovis culture sites. Within a 50-mile radius are nearly a dozen Clovis sites including the Lehner Mammoth Kill Site, the Naco Mammoth Kill Site, the Escapule Clovis Site and the Leikem Clovis Site. The Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management oversees Murray Springs and in 2012, the USA Government declared the site a National Historic Landmark. The site has a parking area and an interpretive trail.</p><br>
<p>Farmfield Plantation House was built in 1854 for William Ravenel, a prominent Charleston businessman and banker. It is one of the few plantation houses with unaltered exteriors in St. Andrew&#39;s Parish which survived the American Civil War. The interior has been modified.</p><br>
<p>Farmfield Plantation once included most of the property between USA Highway 17 and Folly Road, but most of it has been subdivided. Its construction was described by Rose Pringle Ravenel, the daughter of the builder, in her book Piazza Tales. Today, the house is surrounded on three sides by suburban development. In 2002, an easement to the Lowcountry Open Land Trust was placed on the remaining six acres to ensure no further subdivisions.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Jonathan Lucas House is a historic house in Charleston, South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Lucas, Jr., the builder of the house, was born in England and developed milling machines for rice, which led to a boom in rice planting in South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>In 1893, the home began operating as medical facility called Riverside Infirmary, part of Memorial Hospital. It was also, for time, referred to as the Old Jennings House.</p><br>
<p>The National Historic Landmark house Hopsewee on the Santee River was also owned by family members, being purchased by John Hume Lucas in 1844.</p><br>
<p>The American Telephone & Telegraph Company Building, located in Denmark, a city in Bamberg County, South Carolina was built in 1922.</p><br>
<p>The Georgian Revival building offers a number of impressive architectural features. It is a noteworthy example of the important role that telecommunications played in the early 20th century development of the South Carolina Lowcountry. The site was listed in the National Register July 8, 1999.</p><br>
<p>Bamberg City Hall, located in Bamberg, South Carolina is a municipal city hall. It is an example of the type of early twentieth-century style of governmental building designed by the Anderson, South Carolina firm of Sayre and Baldwin. A number of architectural details of this three-story brick and cast stone building are also noteworthy. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 2004.</p><br>
<p>General Francis Marion Bamberg , the builder of the General Francis Marion Bamberg House, played an important role in the growth of the town and county of Bamberg, South Carolina. Among other accomplishments, General Bamberg promoted the educational, religious, economic and cultural growth of the town of Bamberg, gave a library and gymnasium to the Carlisle Fitting School, and significant sums for the construction of a Methodist church. The house, located in one of Bamberg&#39;s oldest residential areas, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on June 29, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Copeland House is a vernacular farm residence built in the Carolina back country after 1790. It is located along what would in the early 19th century become an established coach road from the coastal counties to the interior. Constructed in the late 18th century by John Jacob Copeland , it became the center for his family that grew to include eight children. The house and the nearby farms, many belonging to families related by marriage over time, became significant contributors to a German Lutheran settlement in the area which took shape in this part of South Carolina a generation before the start of the American Revolution. The nearest town, Ehrhardt, South Carolina, is about 2 miles east of the Copeland House. The residence, initially built in the early 1790s, is significant for its association with the Copeland family, who built the house, occupied it continuously and farmed the surrounding property for nearly 200 years. In the mid-1980s the Copeland descendants, heirs to the fifth generation of the family, sold the property. The original square log and dovetail construction remains largely intact, even after several significant 19th and early 20th century modifications and additions were made. Subsequent owners have generally maintained the original fabric while stabilizing the structure. The house, together with several related dependencies and an adjacent Copeland family burial site, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 18, 1991.</p><br>
<p>Rivers Bridge State Historic Site, also known as Rivers Bridge State Park, located near Ehrhardt, a small town in Bamberg County, South Carolina, is the site of an important Civil War battle. It is in this area that General William T. Sherman engaged the Confederate Army on his advance from Savannah, and after two days of battle, outflanked the Confederates and forced them to withdraw. River Bridge State Park was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Mass grave</h2><br>
<p>In 1876 men from nearby communities reburied the Confederate dead from Rivers Bridge in a mass grave about a mile from the battlefield and began a tradition of annually commemorating the battle. The Rivers Bridge Memorial Association eventually obtained the battlefield and in 1945 turned the site over to South Carolina for a state park.</p><br>
<p>The Heins Block is the most prominent commercial building in the city of Olivia, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1896 to house a bank and a hardware store owned by P.W. Heins. P.W. Heins opened up his first mercantile store soon after the village of Olivia was surveyed by the Hastings and Dakota Railway. Heins established the Peoples Bank in 1889.</p><br>
<p>The architect, A.J. Hedlund, designed a Queen Anne-styled house for Heins. After the house was designed, Heins commissioned Hedlund to design a building for the Peoples Bank. The building was completed in 1896 and housed the bank and the Heins and Byers Hardware Store on the first level, with offices and apartments on the second and third levels. It has Romanesque details such as arched window openings, as well as a recessed Roman arched entrance resting above two short columns.</p><br>
<p>There are two historic mills in the United States that have been named Warwick Mills. The older of the two is located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is no longer running. The other is located in New Hampshire and is still manufacturing today.</p><br>
<h2>History and notable features</h2><br>
<p>The older "Warwick Mills", also known as James Mills with Jacob Hager House and Tenant House, is an historic grist mill complex that is located in Warwick Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The mill was built circa 1784, and is a three- to four-story, banked fieldstone structure. The manor house was built before 1828, and is a -story, four-bay by two-bay, random fieldstone dwelling. The tenant house was also built before 1828, and is a -story, four-bay by two-bay, stuccoed stone dwelling with a shed-roofed porch and a -story addition. The mill remained in operation until 1968. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Warwick Mills in New Ipswich, New Hampshire is the site of the oldest textile mill in the state. Built circa 1807, it burned down two times and was rebuilt a third time using brick; that third iteration is the building seen today. The brick for the building was forged on site and was finished in 1864, with signatures on the beams by craftsmen as far south as Baltimore. It is still a running textile mill.</p><br>
<p>Hibernia House is an historic home which is located in Hibernia County Park, near Wagontown, West Caln Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in four phases between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries, the original house was owned by Isaac Van Leer and the prominent Van Leer family.</p><br>
<p>The original section was a two-story, stone dwelling, which measured eighteen feet by twenty-four feet. A one-and-one-half-story, stone kitchen was then added in 1798.</p><br>
<p>In 1821, the mansion house was built, turning the homes older sections into the structures west wing. A two-and-one-half-story, four-bay, stone structure, the mansion house measures forty-five feet by forty-three feet. The house was modified between 1895 and 1910 to add a thirty-three-foot-wide, pedimented pavilion and ballroom to the west wing.</p><br>
<p>Hibernia House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Sandy Hill Tavern is an historic, American inn and tavern that is located in West Caln Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic structure was built between 1805 and 1806, and is a two-story, brick structure that measures thirty feet by thirty feet with Georgian/Federal design elements. It is four bays by two bays and has a one-story shed roof porch. Built expressly as a tavern, it never functioned as such because a license could not be obtained by its owner.</p><br>
<p>The earliest recorded request for a tavern license was in 1758 when the tavern was known as the General Wolf. It was twenty years before the tavern was allowed to serve alcohol and the license was granted in 1778. Over the following twenty years, the tavern changed ownership several times and went by a variety of names, changing from the General Wolf to the Red Horse, and finally becoming the Sandy Hill Tavern.</p><br>
<p>The original wood-framed building was demolished and the brick structure seen today was built in an attempt to reclaim a permit to serve alcohol. Despite the new construction, the permit was never granted and the Sandy Hill Tavern was never a drinking establishment again.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Clinger-Moses Mill Complex, also known as Clement&#39;s Mill, is a historic mill complex located in West Pikeland Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The property includes the site of two mills, a stone dam, a mill house, stone bank barn, and outbuildings. A former three-story grist mill built in 1860 has been converted to residential use. There is a four-story, three bay by three bay, fieldstone mill building. A five-bay, frame house has been built on the foundations of a former saw mill. The main house was built in 1801, and is a 2 1/2-story, fieldstone dwelling with a gable roof and two-story rear wing.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Grand Mound is a prehistoric burial site in Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. It is the largest surviving prehistoric structure in the upper Midwest, dating back to 200 BCE. The site was listed as a National Historic Landmark on June 23, 2011.</p><br>
<p>The main burial mound measures 140 ft in length and 100 ft in width, about 25 ft high, plus a 200 ft tail measuring 12 ft in width and 3 ft in height. There are four other smaller earthworks at the site, closer in size to typical burial mounds around the Midwest. Besides the mound, the site contains a number of stratified deposits from villages dating to the Middle Woodland and Late Woodland periods. The main mound was for many years thought to be typical conical mound, but in the 21st century it was discovered to have a tail, and has been reclassified as an effigy mound, possibly resembling a muskrat. The mound is part of a larger series of interconnected archaeological sites that include seasonal camp locations and fishing areas.</p><br>
<p>The site once had a visitor center operated by the Minnesota Historical Society, opened in 1975. The visitor center was closed in 2003 and the site was closed to the public in 2007, amid concerns that having tourists viewing burial sites was inappropriate. Bill Keyes, the head of the Historical Society&#39;s historic sites and museums division, said, "What we heard from tribal elders was that this was like a cemetery, it was a burial ground, and that operating it as a tourist attraction was really not an appropriate way to go."</p><br>
<p>The Sword Gate House is a historic house in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in stages, the main portion of the house is believed to have been built around 1803, possibly by French Huguenots James LaRoche and J. Lardent. The house replaced a simpler house that was shown on a plat in 1803.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>After being constructed on the site of a demolished house in 1803, possibly by French Huguenots, British consul George Hopley bought and redecorated the house in 1849, the same year the Sword Gates were installed in the high brick wall on Legare Street. Each half has a central cross formed by point of two vertical spears meeting in center of horizontally placed broadsword, giving the house its popular name. The gates were manufactured by Christopher Werner of Charleston. The City of Charleston had hired Werner to produce a "pair" of gates for the new police station, and Werner made what he understood that to mean: two matching sets of gates—two left panels and two right panels. The city had intended only one set of gates - that is, a single left and single right panel. Werner sold the duplicate set to George Hopley who had them installed at his house. (The matching set of gates is now installed at the main entrance of The Citadel near Hampton Park.)</p><br>
<p>The house has seen many late 19th century additions and alterations. By 1970 the brick wing was separated from the house and given the address of 109 Tradd Street, but it retained its architectural integrity. It is believed to have been added ca. 1818; acquired by Andre Talvande and his mother, Madame Talvande, in 1819; and used as a girls school. It was during their ownership that the high masonry walls surrounding the property were added.</p><br>
<p>The building is two and a half stories over a high basement, with a slate-covered hip roof. There are three pedimented dormers along the north and one on the west. The brick walls are covered with stucco; the cornice is also stucco. First floor windows have exterior paneled shutters and second story shutters are louvered.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>The Gaud family bought the Sword Gate House in 1949 following almost two decades of vacancy and repaired and furnished the buildings. They operated a guest house in the house for a time. Eventually, by 1959, they chose to pursue a subdivision of the property and sell off two lots facing on Legare Street to make ends meet. The plan was met with strong neighborhood opposition, but a city zoning board eventually approved the subdivision in late 1959.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. H.C. Shackelford bought most of the property from Mr. Henry T. Gaud for $47,500 in 1960. George E. Roosevelt bought house in 1963 from Mrs. H.C. Shackelford and reversed the multiple subdivisions of the parcel that had taken place.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed in the National Register December 18, 1970.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>In 2002, the house underwent an extensive restoration. The work reassembled three lots that had been subdivided into a single parcel and converted the entire structure back into a single-family house.</p><br>
<p>It was placed for sale in April 2009 for $23 million, but the asking price dropped over time. The house became the most expensive house in Charleston when it sold for $10 million in June 2020, replacing the Col. John Ashe House although the highest price paid for a residence (but not a house) was set when the penthouse of the People&#39;s Office Building sold for $12 million in March 2020. It remained the most expensive house on the peninsula until June 2021 when the house at 10 Legare Street sold for $13,500,00.</p><br>
<p>The Senator Hotel   was a nine-story, 400-room Italian Renaissance-style hotel in Sacramento, California located at 12th and L streets across from the California State Capitol building that served as a nexus of California political and social activity for more than 50 years. Opened in 1924, the Senator Hotel was where Arthur Samish, one of the most influential and powerful individual lobbyists in the history of California, maintained a suite during the 1930s and 1940s. President Gerald Ford spent the night at the Senator Hotel before the September 5, 1975, assassination attempt on him by cultist Manson family disciple Squeaky Fromme. Although the Senator Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in May 1979, the hotel was closed two months later and shuttered with panels placed over the windows that same year. The structure was renovated and then reopened in 1983 as an office building under the name Senator Hotel Office Building, giving lobbyists short-walking-distance access to California&#39;s state politicians.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The Senator Hotel building is divided into two main reinforced-concrete masses, each nine stories in height and connected by a lobby building. Stylistically modeled after the Palazzo Farnese in Florence, Italy and positioned to front on Sacramento&#39;s L Street, the L Street facade measures 165 ft and includes a colonnaded archway along the entire front and side facades. When the building was opened in 1924, its archway system was covered in a peach-colored terra cotta that imitated "massive, smooth marble blocks" through deep etching and had an open front facade that served as a veranda for hotel guests. That area later was enclosed in glass.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the hotel lobby resembled the 16th century Palazzo Farnese courtyard in Rome, Italy. To reach the skylight lit lobby, guests would enter from L Street through hand-painted decorated main doors and pass through "a colonnade of rough plastered walls covered with gold beneath tints of blue". Optionally, the guest could travel straight from the entry doors, across the lobby, to the far end of the lobby and climb one of two winding staircases to reach a balcony floor extending around and overlooking the lobby. The stair stick spindles lining the stairway sides were pastel paint shaded ornamental ironworks.</p><br>
<p>As a commercial establishment, the Senator Hotel not only offered lodging to travelers and sometimes to permanent residents, it also included restaurants, meeting rooms, and was available to the general public. When the hotel opened in 1924, its vaudeville theater featured the band, The Syncopating Senators. The Senator Hotel had its own orchestra and featured an 86 ft bar designed by American architect G. Albert Lansburgh for the hotels Empire Room. In January 1937, a mural depicting the abdication of Britains King Edward VIII in December 1936 to marry American divorcée and socialite, Wallis Simpson, was added to the bar. This mural came at a time when the abdication crisis was world news and brought protest from Sacramento&#39;s Delphian Society, who claimed that the mural showed bad judgment in its positive portrayal of the King and the divorcée and negative portrayal of United Kingdom Prime Minister Baldwin and the Archbishop of Canterbury, the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England.</p><br>
<p>Along with the Empire Room, the Senator Hotel included the Peacock Room that served as a tea room for women and the Florentine Dining Room, which was designed to look like the Stone Room in the Palazzo Farnese and to serve as the hotel&#39;s main dining room.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Senator Hotels 1920s opening came at an important time in Sacramento, California. The citys current charter was adopted by voters in 1920, establishing a city council-and-manager form of government still used today. In 1923, voters approved the creation the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD), a customer-owned utility that provides electricity to Sacramento County. The year following the creation of SMUD, 1924, brought several events in Sacramento: Standard Oil executive Verne McGeorge established McGeorge School of Law, American department store Weinstock & Lubin opened at 12th and K street, Sacramentos drinking water became filtered and treated drinking water, and Sacramento boxer Georgie Lee fought Francisco Guilledo, a Filipino professional boxer known as Pancho Villa, at Sacramentos L Street Auditorium on March 21 for the flyweight boxing championship of the world.</p><br>
<p>Designed by architect Kenneth MacDonald with collaboration from theater architect G. Albert Lansburgh, the $2 million Senator Hotel was built in 1923–1924 and opened in late August 1924 at 1121 L Street to provide lodging and meeting rooms to Californias state politicians and others having government and commercial business in Sacramento. Along with other 12th Street structures, such as the state Capitol, Francesca Apartments, erected in 1924, Weinstocks department store, and a Bank of America, the Senator Hotel became part of one of California&#39;s then-newest and trendiest commercial shopping centers.</p><br>
<p>Silent film star Buster Keaton stayed at the hotel with his production company in the summer of 1927 while filming the 1928 feature-length comedy Steamboat Bill, Jr. Hilton resold the hotel in September 1956 to a syndicate headed by Lawrence A. Wien.</p><br>
<p>Martin Luther King Jr. stayed at the Senator Hotel. In the 1940s, a young Joan Didion auditioned in the hotel for a Pasadena Playhouse theater part at a casting call and Pulitzer Prize-winning dramatist and author William Saroyan frequented the hotel bar. In 1954, Washington Redskins coach Curly Lambeau was fired after arguing with that professional football team&#39;s owner in the Senator Hotel lobby. In the late 1950s, Stan Kenton and his controversial jazz orchestra held concerts in the Empire Room of the Senator Hotel. Throughout the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, politicians such as Governors Jerry Brown and Ronald Reagan and Presidents Richard Nixon and Jimmy Carter spent time in the hotel. President Gerald Ford spent the night at the Senator Hotel before the September 5, 1975 assassination attempt on him by Manson family disciple Squeaky Fromme.</p><br>
<p>In early 1979, retired Major League Baseball player Mickey Mantle received $2,000 to attend the National Association of Health Underwriters of Sacramento convention at the Senator Hotel. In May 1979, the Senator Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the hotel was closed down because of 79 fire-safety and building-code violations. The building then was shuttered with panels placed over windows. That left Sacramento as the only city in the 25 largest metropolitan regions in the United States without a major historic hotel. Sacramento developer Marvin "Buzz" Oates purchased the Senator Hotel in November 1979 for $2.5 million and spent $15 million over the next eight years renovating the building. Oates reopened the building an office building in 1983 under the name "Senator Hotel Office Building" to give lobbyists short-distance access to Californias state politicians. Equitable Real Estate Investment Management purchased the Senator Hotel in October 1987 for $30 million. Due to the 2007–2012 global economic crisis, the Senator Hotels business occupancy level dropped to 60 percent and the previous owners lost property ownership to the Florida-based mortgage holder in 2012. The hotel was listed for sale in October 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Other Sacramento historic hotels</h2><br>
<p>Citizen Hotel</p><br>
<p>Hotel Sacramento (1909–1956), 10th and K</p><br>
<p>Travelers&#39; Hotel (1914–1982), 428 J Street</p><br>
<p>The Robert Rooke House is an historic, American home that is located in West Vincent Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The house was created in two sections. The original section is a -story, fieldstone structure that is two bays by one bay. The original structure later became the kitchen wing. It was expanded circa 1841, with a three-story, five-bay by two-bay, fieldstone structure. It has a gable roof and was designed in a transitional Georgian/Victorian style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Nicholas East House is a historic home located in West Vincent Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The original section was built in 1820, and is a -story, five-bay by two-bay, random fieldstone structure. It has a gable roof and gable end chimneys. It has a two-story rear addition, with a one-story addition attached to it. The front facade features a full-width porch.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Meigs County Fairgrounds is a county fairgrounds located north of Pomeroy in Meigs County, Ohio, United States. Some of the fairgrounds has been designated a historic site, with particular emphasis having been placed on the fairgrounds&#39; racetrack and its associated grandstand.</p><br>
<p>The first Meigs County Fair was held in the village of Middleport on Wednesday, October 22, 1851. In 1968, Jane and Leonard Carleton sold 10 1/4 acres to the Meigs County Agricultural Society. This land would become part of the Rocksprings Fairgrounds. Jane Carleton deeded 98 additional rods of land to the Meigs County Agricultural Society on Christmas Eve of 1899. The grandstand is capable of holding one thousand people.</p><br>
<p>In 1946, a Junior Fair Board was established, and it is made up of kids from groups that make up the Junior Fair. The Junior Fair Board is still in effect to this day.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, much of the fairgrounds, including the racetrack and grandstand, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Besides the unusual method of construction seen in the grandstand and track, the fairgrounds qualified for its importance in the area&#39;s social history as a reflection of the importance of fairgoing, especially harness racing at the track, to Meigs County residents.</p><br>
<p>The James Nicholson House is a notable early 19th-century residence in Charleston, South Carolina which has housed the Ashley Hall school since 1909. The house was built ca. 1816 for Patrick Duncan. The architect for the house is not known, but authorities cite William Jay as its possible designer; he worked in Charleston and Savannah between 1817 and 1822. James Nicholson owned the property from 1829 to 1838 when James R. Pringle bought it; after Pringles death, his family sold it in 1845 to Secretary of the Confederate Treasury General George Trenholm. From 1877 to 1909, it was the home of Charles Otto Wittes family, the foremost banker in South Carolina. Many characters in Margaret Mitchells Gone with the Wind novel, including Rhett Butler, were based upon residents of this historic homestead, and the OHara plantation itself was modeled on its grounds.</p><br>
<p>The Classical Revival building is stuccoed brick. The main two floors are above a high, rusticated basement. The portico is supported by four giant-order Ionic columns with Renaissance capitals. The pediment has a three-part Gothic window. Originally open (as seen in the 1876 photograph to the left), the arches of the basement have been enclosed with windows.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed in the National Register August 30, 1974.</p><br>
<p>Darby Plantation plantation house was built by Nathaniel Lipscomb Griffith, the father of Anne Patience Griffith, at the time of her marriage to Edgefield lawyer Milledge Luke Bonham. It has a deep wraparound porch supported by twelve columns. The main rooms are twenty feet by twenty feet with twelve foot ceilings, and the house is built of pine. When Bonham returned from the United States war with Mexico, he was elected to the USA House of Representatives. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Bonham was put in charge of South Carolinas volunteer army and served with distinction. In 1862, he resigned his commission and became governor of South Carolina. In 1863, the house was sold to Confederate Secretary of the Treasury George Trenholm. During the Civil War, the house was used as a storage place for some of the items from the Charleston Museum. Since 1878, the plantation has been owned by the Wise family.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed in the National Register August 13, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Bank Building is a building on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in October 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Lincoln National Bank was established in 1917 by Harry Pence, a local automobile magnate, and a number of other backers. They had planned to name it the "Second National Bank", but the Treasury Department refused that name since they were not actually the second bank organized. Pence adopted the name of Abraham Lincoln because, "it carries with it his well-known characteristics of strength, ability, fidelity, firmness, faithfulness, loyalty, conservatism, etc., attributes very desirable in a national bank."</p><br>
<h2>Locations</h2><br>
<p>The bank&#39;s location was chosen to provide service to the automobile trade and similar businesses along Hennepin Avenue at the time, along with the nearby warehouse district and the markets along Second Avenue North. The established financial district in Minneapolis was along Marquette Avenue, two blocks to the east, but Pence saw the value in providing a bank with its mission "to take care of the automobile business and, in general, to serve downtown Hennepin Avenue business interests."</p><br>
<p>The original home for the bank was at 809 Hennepin Avenue, but the bank&#39;s business grew so well that larger quarters were needed. Lincoln National Bank had also established an affiliate, Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank. In 1919, Harry Pence announced plans to build a new bank building at 730 Hennepin Avenue, directly across 8th Street from his Pence Automobile Company Building. The new building was designed by Long, Lamoreaux and Long, the same architects as the earlier building, and was completed for a cost of about $1 million. The eight-story building opened on August 9, 1921, and housed both the Lincoln National Bank and the Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank. The seven upper floors of the building were leased out for offices.</p><br>
<h2>Branch offices</h2><br>
<p>In 1921, Daniel Richard Crissinger was appointed as the Comptroller of the Currency and shifted the regulatory stance on national banks. Previous comptrollers did not allow national banks to establish branch offices, but the new comptroller decided that, "there was no restriction on the number of branch offices a bank could establish as long as they were within the city limits mentioned in its charter." As a result, the two largest banks, Northwestern National Bank (now Wells Fargo) and First National Bank (now USA Bank) started acquiring smaller banks and turning them into branch offices.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln National Bank and Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank were acquired by Northwestern National Bank, in a move that promised customers business "as usual and with practically the same people, but with the added advantages of doing business with the Northwestern National Bank and its entire facilities, both as to domestic and foreign business."</p><br>
<h2>Residential conversion</h2><br>
<p>In 2013, the Lincoln Bank Building was approved for the residential development of its top seven floors.</p><br>
<p>Birchrunville General Store is a historic general store located in West Vincent Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1898, and is a two-story, stone and frame, banked structure in a Late Victorian style. It has a mansard roof with fishscale slate and a jutting, short wooden bay window. It was built to house a general store and post office, with a meeting hall above and creamery below.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is located in the Birchrunville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The South Carolina State Arsenal  in Charleston, South Carolina was built in 1829 in response to the alleged 1822 slave revolt led by Denmark Vesey. The alleged uprising never came to fruition and Vesey was publicly hanged in 1822. In 1842 the South Carolina Military Academy, a liberal arts military college, was established by the state legislature, and the school took over the arsenal the following year as one of 2 campuses, the other being the Arsenal Academy in Columbia, South Carolina. The school became known as the Citadel Academy because of the appearance of its building. From 1865 to 1881, during Reconstruction, Federal troops occupied the Citadel, and the school was closed. Classes resumed in 1882 and continued in this building until the school was relocated to a new campus on the banks of the Ashley River in 1922.</p><br>
<p>Frederick Wesner and Edward Brickell White are credited with the Citadel&#39;s design. The original State Arsenal building was a two-story brick building around a courtyard, designed by Wesner. White was responsible for changes to the building about 1850, and added the third floor and wings. A fourth floor was added in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The building was lightly damaged by the 1886 Charleston earthquake, but suffered more serious damage from an 1892 fire which is believed to have begun in a chimney that was cracked in the earlier tremor.</p><br>
<p>Charleston County used the building for government offices during much of the 20th century. In 1994 a local development firm renovated the building for use as a hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Strickland-Roberts Homestead, also known as the Bryncoed Farm, is an historic, American home that is located in West Vincent Township, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The original section of this historic structure dates to circa 1800, and is a two-story, five-bay by one-bay, fieldstone structure. It has a gable roof, a small shed-roofed porch, and a terrace. A -story, four-bay, random fieldstone addition was designed by R. Brognard Okie and built in 1929.</p><br>
<p>Also located on the property is a contributing bank barn that dates to 1873. The house was purchased by USA Supreme Court Justice Owen J. Roberts in 1927; he died here in 1955.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
